I . A. What is hortatory exposition? Hortatory exposition is a type of spoken or written text that is intended to persuade the listeners or readers that something should or should not happen or be done. Hortatory exposition adalah jenis teks lisan atau tertulis yang dimaksudkan untuk membujuk pendengar atau pembaca mengenai sesuatu yang seharusnya atau tidak seharusnya dilakukan. B. Generic Structure of Hortatory Exposition 1. Thesis : Statement or announcement of issue concern 2. Arguments : Reasons for concern that will lead to recommendation 3. Recommendation : Statement of what should or should not happen or be done based on the given arguments 1. Thesis : Penjelasan mengenai text Hortatory exposition. Kalo gue ngeartiin thesis ini adalah semacam paragraf basa-basi untuk memulai Hortatory exposition. 2. Arguments : Alasan-alasan/bukti2 pendukung 3. Recommendation : Saran dari si penulis C. Example of Hortatory exposition Ini adalah contoh dari Hortatory exposition, dimana ini adalah tugas dari Ms. wiwi. Jadi, ini adalah buatan gue sendiri, mohon maaf kalau salah ^^ It’s an example of Hortatory exposition. It’s my task from my teacher, she’s Ms wiwi. So, it’s created by my self. Forgive me if i have a fault ^^ Mobile Phones Should Not be Banned in School [Tittle] Mobile phones is not used just for calling, but sending text, taking pictures, accessing internet, and much more. Many students bring their phones to school. For them, mobile phone has many uses. So, mobile phones should not be banned in school. Why do I said that? [Thesis] Firstly, students call their parents for other needs. By mobile phone, student can call or their close relative if they need something to be brought to school. In addition, mobile phone can be used to call their children when one of their family were hit by disasters suddenly. And then, student can called their parent to pick her up when want to go home. [Arguments] Secondly, increased of knowledge among students. When trying to find answer of difficult task at school, mobile phone can be used as a connecting to search the answer through GPRS or WiFi networks. [Arguments] Finally, expand the network of friendship among students. School is the right place to find friend. Average, student been at school about 7 hours or more. So that, alot of students found their friend in the school environment . Therefore, communication between friends should be kept on of which using a mobile phone. [Arguments] So, i think mobile phone should not be banned in school. But, use your phone in the time and right place so that no one was disturbed. [Recommendation] II. Wacth our kids while Browsing Internet Internet is one of important devices in the student world. Because almost of student knowledge get from the internet. We can find many internet cafes anywhere. As parents, we must know what our children are browsing in the internet, because the internet have some negative impact to our children . In our observation internet have some positive and some negative impact. In the positive impact, we know that student can find their task from their teacher in the internet, we can get some news when browsing the internet. But in the other side, the internet also have negative impact , such as they can open pornography site, game online and other programs that can make their mark bad in the school.And then, too much browsing internet can endangered their eyes. So, from the problem above, we can make some conclusion and we must have some tips to protect their : • Make a schedle for browsing internet to our children. • Use filter's program to negative site in your PC. • Review the history when your children finished browsing the internet. • And the last, Don't put PC and modem set in your kids bedroom. III. Teks Hortatory Exposition (Hortatory Exposition Text) - Seperti halnya Analytical Exposition, Hortatory Exposition adalah types of English text yang tergolong ke dalam kelas Argumentation. Hortatory Exposition adalah sebuah jenis text Bahasa Inggris yang mana menghadirkan usaha penulis mempengaruhi pembaca untuk melakukan sesuatu atau bertidak dalam hal tertentu. Dalam text Hortatory Exposition, penulis mencatumkan beberapa arguments atau pendapat mengenai hal tertentu untuk memperkuat ide pokok atau main idea dari teks tersebut. Berbeda dengan Analytical Exposition, Hortatory Exposition menghadirkan Recomendation sebagai paragraph pentutup dari sebuah teks Hortatory Exposition. Dalam Recommendarion ini, penulis berusaha mengajak dan membujuk pembaca untuk melakukan sesuatu. Hal ini jauh berbeda dengan Analytical Exposition yang mana menempatkan Reiteration atau penulisan kembali ide pokok sebuah teks sebagai penutup tanpa adanya ajakan atau bujuakan kepada pembaca. Generic Structure dari teks Hortatory Exposition Ada tiga bagian dari struktur atau pola kalimat dalam teks hortatory exposition, yaitu: 1. Thesis Thesis berisi tentang pengenalan main idea atau ide pokok penulis tentang suatu gejala atau penomena yang akan diangkat atau dibahas. 2. Arguments Arguments berisi tentang pendapat-pendapat yang mendukung main idea atau ide pokok penulis. Semakin banyak pendapat yang penulis tuliskan, semakin menarik sebuah teks Hortatory Exposition itu, karena pembaca cenderung percaya terhadap suatu peristiwa jika terdapat banyak pendapat yang mendukung di dalamnya. 3. Recommendation Recommendation berisi tentang rekomendasi atau ajakan penulis terhadap pembaca. Language Features dari teks Hortatory Exposition Di bawah ini adalah ciri kebahasaan yang terdapat pada teks hortatory exposition, yaitu: • Menggunakan simple present tense • Menggunakan temporal conectives; firstly, secondly, thirdly, etc. • Menggunakan evaluative words; importanly, valuablly, trustworthly, etc. Contoh dari teks Hortatory Exposition Corruption Thesis Do you know what the meaning of corruption is? What is the relation between money and corruption? Well, corruption is common everywhere in the world, even in the United States. It’s just a matter of intensity. However, it is quite shocking when one reliable survey claims Jakarta as the most corrupt place in Indonesia. Argument 1 The survey has made me sad, actually, because I stay and earn a living here in the capital. As most people know, Tanjung Priok port smuggling is not a new thing at all. Entrepreneurs who want to minimize their tax payments tend to do such a thing more often. They even bribe the officials. Argument 2 Well, I think the measures taken so far to overcome the problem by punishing the corruptors is still not far enough. We have to prevent the younger generations from getting a bad mentality caused by corruption. Recommendation I believe we should start at the earliest stages in school and I think everyone should be involved in the effort to eradicate corruption. We must not make any distinction. Adapted from: The Jakarta Post, February 2005. The Importance Of Reading I personally think that reading is a very important activity in our life. Why do I say so? Firstly, by reading we can get a lot of knowledge about many things in the world such as Science, technology, sports, arts, culture, etc written in either books, magazine, newspaper, etc. Secondly, by reading we can get a lot of news and information about something happening in any parts of the world which can we see directly. Another reason, reading can give us pleasure too. When we are tired, we read books, novel, comic, newspaper or magazine on the entertainment column such as comedy, short story, quiz, etc. To make us relaxed. The last, reading can also take us to other parts of the world. By reading a book about Irian Jaya we may feel we’re really sitting in the jungles not at home in our rooms. From the facts above, it’s obvious that everyone needs to read to get knowledge, information and also entertainment. Or in summary we can say reading is truly important in our life. Watch your Kids While Watching TV Television becomes one of the most important devices which takes place in almost houses. It can unite all members of the family as well as separate them. However, is it important to know what your kids are watching? The answer is, of course, absolutely "Yes" and that should be done by all parents. Television can expose things you have tried to protect the children from, especially violence, pornography, consumerism and so on. Recently, a study demonstrated that spending too much time on watching TV during the day or at bedtime often cause bed-time disruption, stress, and short sleep duration. Another research found that there is a significant relationship between the amount of time spent for watching television during adolescence and early adulthood, and the possibility of being aggressive. Meanwhile, many studies have identified a relationship between kids who watch TV a lot and being inactive and overweight. Considering some facts mentioning above, protect your children with the following tips: • Limit television viewing to one-two hours each day • Do not allow your children to have a TV set in their own bedrooms • Review the rating of TV shows which your children watch • Watch television with your children and discuss what is happening in the show IV. Bila kita mempunyai perbedaan pendapat dengan lawan bicara, pasti kita akan berusaha untuk meyakinkan lawan bicara kita agar setuju dengan apa yang kita kemukakan. Nah, jika pendapat dan argumen tersebut kita tuangkan dalam teks, maka jadilah teks analytical exposition. Text exposition adalah sebuah teks yang membahas sebuah isu atau permasalahan dan membahasnya dari satu sudut pandang. Exposition dapat dibagi menjadi 2 jenis, yaitu: analytical dan hortatory. Bila analytical exposition adalah teks exposition yang tidak disertai saran (hanya menyertakan pendapat dan argumen), maka text hortatory exposition adalah text yang disertai saran. Berikut ini adalah contoh dari text hortatory exposition: Dear Editor, We are writing to complain about ads on TV. There are too many ads, especially during our favourite programs. We think they should be stopped for a number reason. First, ads are nuisance. They go for long tme and there are too many of them. Sometimes there seems to be more ads than programs. Second, ads are bad influence on people. They try to encourage people to buy unhealthy products like beer, soft drink, candy adn chips.And they make people buy things they do not really need and can not afford Finally, the people who make ads too much to say in the programs people watch. Thant is because they want to put all their ads on popular programs that a lot of people watch. Some programs which are not so popular get stopped because they do not attract enough ads, even though those programs may be someone's favourites. For those reasons, we think TV station should stop showing ads. They interrupt programs. They give bad influence to people and they arbitrarily stop people's favourite shows. We are sick of ads, and now we mostly watch other channels. V. PENGERTIAN HORTATORY EXPOSITION TEXT Disebutkan dalam Concise Oxford Dictionary, Hortatory termasuk kata sifat (adjective) bermakna "tending or aiming to exhort" ("cenderung atau bertujuan mendorong / mendesak orang lain untuk melakukan sesuatu"). Sedangkan Exposition bermakna "a comprehensive description and explanation of a theory" ("Penjelasan dan penjabaran sebuah teori secara komprehensif"). Jadi secara bahasa, jika disimpulkan, hortatory exposition adalah teks yang menjelaskan sebuah teori/masalah secara komprehensif dengan tujuan mendorong orang lain melakukan / tidak melakukan sesuatu. GENERIC STRUCTURE OF HORTATORY EXPOSITION Generic Structure, atau susunan umum hortatory exposition adalah sebagai berikut : 1. Thesis / General Statement Thesis / general statement berisi pernyataan pembuka mengenai topik pembahasan. Sebagai contoh kita akan membahas mengenai bahaya rokok, thesis statement yang bisa kita gunakan misalnya : “Rokok dapat menyebabkan kanker, serangan jantung, dan impotensi”. 2. Arguments Arguments, ”Pendapat” berisi berbagai pembahasan lanjutan dari thesis statement secara detail. Akan lebih baik jika argument ini tidak hanya berisi pendapat pribadi penulis saja tapi juga bisa berisi pendapat para pakar. Mengacu pada contoh thesis statement tentang rokok di atas, kita bisa membuat arguments pendukung dengan lebih detail, misalnya : Argument 1 : Saya mengira serangan jantung yang dialami direktur PT. LaptopButut, Pak “XXX”, disebabkan karena intensitas merokok lebih banyak dari pada minum air putih.(Terus kembangkan paragraf ini lebih dalam) Argument 2 : Telah banyak dibuktikan bahwa rokok hampir menjadi sebab utama penyakit kanker. (Terus kembangkan paragraf ini) Argument 3 : Impotensi seorang bos “XXX” di kota “XXX” disebutkan karena kebiasaanya merokok sebelum tidur. (terus kembangkan lagi paragraf ini) 3. Recommendation. Recommendation / suggestion berisi saran penulis tentang topik pembahasan. Jika membahas tentang bahaya rokok, sobat pasti tahu dong apa yang harus disarankan? CONTOH HORTATORY EXPOSITION Contoh hortatory expostion ini diambil dari buku bahasa Inggris Interlanguage yang membahas tentang "Masyarakat Indonesia harus menghargai perbedaan budaya demi Kesatuan Bangsa." Mari kita simak... Indonesian People Should Value All the Different Culture to Promote Unity of the Nation Indonesia is a culturally-diverse country. Many different religions and cultures from many provinces are now seen living side by side in many places. One of the biggest questions facing Indonesian today is how to deal with a culturally diverse citizenry and then promote unity. Therefore, Indonesians should appreciate differences among culture for the following reasons. Firstly, Indonesia is vulnerable to separation for its archipelago and culture diversity. Raising tolerance among people is the best way to maintain the unity among differences. Many ways or cultures of living are equally legal, even if they are not regarded as normal by some people. If a society claims to be tolerant of personal choice, then it must respect the personal choice to retain their heritage. Then, unity of the nation can be preserved. Secondly, Indonesians must recognize that every culture has different customs and beliefs. Thus, people are forbidden to make judgments of comparative value, for it is measuring something unmeasured. A plurality of nations, especially in the modern era, can allow for cultural development and cultural exchange that benefits both parties. The cross-cultural understanding among cultures makes the world a better place and preserves the unity of the nation. Lastly, raising nationalism is one way to preserve unity of the nation. It is a sense of fellow feeling between group members. This promotes cooperation and social cohesion within the group. The sense of social cooperation makes welfare, social security and medical programs much more likely and stronger. Cultural differences are sometime a sensitive matter for people. Indonesian people must teach younger generation about the importance of the cultural identity and nationalism to promote unity of the nation.